HNS Convention Wikipedia

However recently, ICANN was in the spotlight for approving a deal that would remove price caps from protected TLDs like .org. Handshake on the other hand provides true domain ownership with no renewal fees, and complete control over your data. Since governance on Handshake is truly decentralized, no one person or entity can make a governance decision that would impact domain owners or the network the same way in which the ICANN deal could for .org domain owners. The current centralized nature of internet names results in a potential loss of privacy and censorship. Even if your domain registrar offers WHOIS protections, your information can still be subpoenaed from a domain registrar. Governments and ISPs commonly use DNS filtering and redirection to censor domains.

Step 3: Withdraw to your HNS wallet address

A particular topic of interest in the blockchain space is the emergence of blockchain-related projects in the domain name system (DNS) and domain ecosystem. Handshake, in particular, has been gaining attention among decentralized technology enthusiasts for its potential to revolutionize how people think about and interact with domains, especially in the context of Web3. Tripartite agreements are published annually in the MEPC.2/Circular on lists 1- 4, depending on a product’s name (chemical or trade) and its properties. Usually, list 1 entries (chemical names) will ultimately be moved into the IBC Code whilst lists 2 and 3 (covering trade-named products) are retained permanently in the Circular.

UN/NA Number Search

If you have the UN/NA number, this can be an easy way of searching a substance. Simply enter the four-digit UN/NA number without any UN or NA prefix (e.g., “1017” for chlorine). NA numbers (North America) are issued by the United States Department of Transportation and are identical to UN numbers (except that in some cases, substances without a UN number may have been assigned an NA number). UN numbers (United Nations numbers) are four-digit numbers that identify hazardous materials, and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, oxidizers, toxic liquids, etc.) in the framework of international transport.

How much compensation will be available?

As a decentralized peer-to-peer domain naming protocol, Handshake aims to serve as a DNS chain alternative to the current default root chain. Also, the creation of top-level domains (TLDs) such as .agency, .gov, .edu and the like are currently managed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and are subject to an application process. They work just like any https://cryptolisting.org/ domain name and can be used for any website or online service. For businesses, in particular, Handshake domains can provide a competitive edge by giving them greater privacy and control over their domain namespace. In these cases, neither account is subject to a prescribed list of formally approved names and so there is a degree of freedom available to register suitable terms.

How to access a Handshake domain

This function is made available to assist users to instantly cross-check multiple substances simultaneously. The domain name industry is changing dramatically, and ENS, Unstoppable Domains, and HNS offer alternatives to people versus a traditional DNS. Unstoppable Domains generally use .crypto for domains on the Ethereum blockchain or .zil for domains on the Zilliqa blockchain. So, instead of a .com domain, you could either use a .zil or .crypto domain, which does affect the domain overall. At the moment, the race is on as users try to secure ENS domains before they’re all scooped up.

1. One of the most unique features of Handshake is that it is not a blockchain project looking to fully decentralize current DNS infrastructure.
2. These latter terms, as appropriate, are also recorded under Group (vii) in the HNS Finder.
3. To purchase an ENS domain, you’ll have to use an ENS token, which can be traded on different markets.
4. Unstoppable Domains generally use .crypto for domains on the Ethereum blockchain or .zil for domains on the Zilliqa blockchain.

This allows the root zone to be uncensorable, permissionless, and free of gatekeepers like the ICANN which manages the root zone today. Handshake hopes to change the system and provide alternative Handshake top-level domains that are how is absorption costing treated underneath gaap much more efficient, affordable and secure. The goal is to be able to use blockchain technology to allow Handshake domains to bypass the current ICANN-overseen system and help build a more decentralized domain landscape online.

With the “begins with” search option, the system searches for substances beginning with the typed word(s) in sequence, including space. This gives fewer results and requires a better knowledge of how the substances are spelled (e.g., typing in “fluor” will return many more results than if using “fluorine” which would return more specific entries). The Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a decentralized app based on the Ethereum blockchain. Currently, crypto addresses are long and winding combinations of letters and numbers.

In those cases where the insurance does not cover an incident, or is insufficient to satisfy the claim, a second tier of compensation will be paid from a Fund, made up of contributions from the receivers of HNS. Contributions will be calculated according to the amount of HNS received in each Member State in the preceding calendar year. To register a handshake domain on Namecheap, a user simply has to enable the HNS option and follow the regular process for registering a traditional domain name. Aside from registering a domain name, transferring to or updating a Handshake domain can also be done either on Namecheap or via HNS coins. Whoever wins the bid pays the second-highest price following the format of a Vickrey auction, a sealed-bid auction type wherein bidders are unaware of the bids of others.

ENS domains often use .LUKE or .ETH extensions, operating in the secondary domain zone. Since ENS relies on smart contracts, it adds a level of anonymity and decentralization that’s hard to achieve otherwise; you don’t have to provide any billing details or personally identifiable information when making a purchase. It can be used to host a website or early adopters of Handshake names can effectively become a registrar that sells domains — i.e adam.creator or john.creator — to other users.

The Finder is essentially a tool to assist reporting but ultimately, it is the responsibility of all parties using it to understand its basis and for companies to be clear as to how their products comply with the above groupings. The current HNS Convention was adopted in 2010, amending a previous instrument that had been adopted in 1996. However, the 2010 HNS Convention has still not entered into force; States must ratify it before this can happen. You can register popular ENS or Unstoppable Domain names and resell them as scarcity sets in.

It’s an easy, free, and fast way to make sure your browser can navigate to any HNS domain. As the web becomes less centralized, the power is shifted into the hands of domain name owners — with minimal gatekeeping and oversight. This artificially limits the availability of good domains for website owners and developers. Majority ownership of HNS can be claimed by Free and Open Source Software contributors directly to the network itself on-chain. Here are the links for both miners — we encourage people to test and decide which option will suit them best. 6miner is a highly optimized miner for Handshake, it performs over 20% faster than HandyMiner on most GPUs tested.

Handshake shifts requiring trust in domain ownership from centralized, potentially insecure Certificate Authorities to a public commons that anyone can use for secure name resolution and certificate ownership. Registering a Handshake domain respects the privacy of the owner by requiring no personal data during registration. Ownership of names are determined by public-key cryptography, so it’s easy to verify name owners by having them sign a message with their private key.

By running Handshake, one can participate in a decentralized open naming platform secured by a decentralized peer-to-peer network. States which ratify the 2010 HNS Protocol will become Members of the HNS Fund. The HNS Fund will provide the second tier of compensation and will be administered by a Secretariat and headed by a Director. The chemical tanker IevoliSun, with styrene and other hazardous and noxious substances on board, sinks off the coast of France in 2000. This is because apart from the root zone, the entire of DNS is already decentralized.

ENS domains fall under the purview of a DAO (decentralized autonomous organization). Community members have the option to vote on the ENS Constitution if they hold the ENS token. This brings with it a sense of ownership, allowing any holder to make a submission and hold a vote to determine the course of developments.

“Packaged HNS” include dangerous, hazardous and harmful substances, materials and articles in packaged form covered by the IMDG Code. By default, the HNS Finder presents a searchable list of HNS that are identified in all the codes and listings in force during the relevant calendar reporting year. To facilitate the reporting of contributing cargo, that list is updated at the end of May every year, which corresponds to the submission deadline under the 2010 HNS Protocol.

Although products covered by preliminary tripartite agreement proposals which include safety hazards are also relevant here, in the HNS Finder these entries are generally recorded and assigned under Group (ii). This applies to both list 1 and list 3 MEPC.2/Circular products as appropriate (regardless of whether carriage requirements have provisional/preliminary or permanent status assigned). Note that unlike the case for oil products, the listings in the IBC Code and any related tripartite agreements are definitive and cannot be amended or added to without formal approval. “Bulk HNS” include solids and liquids (including oils) and liquefied gases transported in bulk. The shipping, oil, gas, chemical, petrochemical and other HNS industries are committed to paying such compensation through an international system, and the HNS Convention provides the framework just such a system. The HNS Convention benefits all State Parties (producing, receiving and coastal States) by establishing a system of strict liability and clear claims criteria.

List 4 (covering mixture products) is essentially a holding list pending further evaluation to allow transfer to list 2 (or possibly list 3 depending on the outcome). In practice, for the IBC Code this means relevant listings in Chapters 17 and 18. Additionally in the Code, Chapter 19 lists approved Index Names which reflect agreed synonyms for the formal Product Names contained in the previous two chapters. Energy-rich fuels are wholly or partly derived from non-petroleum feedstock and they can be produced either without blending as such or by blending with conventional petroleum products.

ISPs on the other hand often monetize personal DNS data by selling your web browsing history. Core entries for this Group are contained amongst the products listed in Appendix 1 of the latest version of the IMSBC Code. However, not all of the entries shown there are valid as the 2010 HNS Convention also requires that substances must have been subject to the provisions of the IMDG Code in effect in 1996 when carried in packaged form. This additional requirement was introduced at that time as a means to exclude certain IMSBC cargoes from the 1996 HNS Convention. The core entries for these liquified gases are essentially defined by the latest listings in force for Chapter 19 of the IGC Code.

With respect to international shipping and IMO documentation, UN numbers are only formally recognised for Groups (iv) and (vii) above. They may well be used in a broader context by other regulatory bodies, but in the context of the HNS Convention, their only role is for the two Groups mentioned. This means for example that using a UN number to search for Groups (ii) or (iii) bulk liquid chemicals would not yield any results. Note that UN numbers are only utilised within the HNS Finder in line with their adoption in product lists as found in the various Codes/listings concerned. They consequently only appear for entries relating to packaged goods or bulk solids (both of which reference UN numbers in their respective codes). However, incidents do happen – and the HNS Convention is the last piece in the puzzle needed to ensure that those who have suffered damage have access to a comprehensive and international liability and compensation regime.